 
ࠡ⠢   66-    (  1932     1998   .)         樮
஬諥        ਭ  ᠬ  ⨢   ⨥      
ᮧ   襩    樮    ࠪ⭮  孨,        蠫
,     易        ᮧ    न஢騪,  ॡ⥫,
殮     ᪮    ⥣᪨    न஢騪, ᢥ姢㪮
⥣᪨        ⥬,                     ᢥ姢㪮
ᠬ-⥫     ⥬  뫠    ᪨  㤠  ࠪ,
ᯨ  뫠 ⥣᪨ ࠪ , , ᠬ ⥣᪨
᪨  ࠪ    ஢.    ᮧ  㥬
ᠬ⮢    ⥬,  ᫮,  蠫      ,  易 
稥      祫.    ᯥ祭  ଠ 
਩  蠫 ⥬ ᮪  ⥫쭮 
  ⥫쭮,    ਩      ᭠ 묨
⥬    ⠯㥬묨  ᫠.     ᫮ 宧⢮, 
ࠢ,  ᯥ稢    . ,  ᮦ,    殮
⥣᪨ ᠬ  ।⢠ .  , 稭  1963
,    諮    ᮢ襭  묨    ᠬ. 
諮   ᮧ ᠦ᪨ ࠭ᯮ ᠬ⮢. 
 ,    : ᪠ 楫ᮮࠧ ᮧ
࠭ᯮ⭮  ।⢠    ᫮ ᯥ祭 ᮪  .
ᠦ᪨   ᠬ,          ࠭ᯮ㥬    -
ᠦ,    ᢮ ᯮ殮 ⮫쪮  ।⢮, ᯥ稢饥
筮  襭  -  ଠ쭠 ᠤ ᠬ. 
㣨  ।,    ⮢,   ⠯㥬 ᥫ .
᫨     襩  ࠭,    ᨫ  ࠧ  稭  (⢨  뭮
⭮襭),      쥧   ᪨   ᮢ    ᮧ
ᠦ᪨  ᠬ⮢    﫮,      ᭮, 
﫨,  ࠢ, ⮦  訬 "㪫" (  㤥 ᪠ !). 
类  砥,  㯨    襭  ᮢ    ᮧ ᠦ᪨
ᠬ⮢,      ,   ⭮襭  ᭮,
        ⭮襭: 祫, ।  設.    
裡    ⢨  室 뫮 㧭,   ﭨ  
㣠          ࠧ㬭   ࠢ쭮 ,  ,
,   祭   쥧      -    ᮧ  ᠦ᪮,
᪨  楫ᮮࠧ  ᠬ.  諮    㬠-ࠧ㬠,
  㭠த  ᮧ  ᯫ樨 ᠦ᪨ ᠬ⮢,
  祫      ᮡ.  諮  ⠫쭮  
⠪   㭠த묨   ࣠ﬨ:       -  "ୠ樮쭠
樠  ࠦ᪮  樨",      ⨪  ன   90%
樮  ந⢨ ந室    ᠬ⮢, ⠪  
-  "ୠ樮쭠 樠 ࠭ᯮ⭮ 樨"  ࠢ ன,
  ⭮,  ॣ஢  㧪    ࠧ饭    㧮 -
""      ⥩    .  .  諮   
㭠த  ࠢ  ()  ⭮   ࠭ᯮ ᠬ⮢, 
⭮   "  ⭮    ⠭"  (),    
諮  ஢        ࠡ    ᮮ⢥⢨  樨
ᠬ  ⨬  ଠ.      ᢮    ⮣     뫮. 
ᠦ᪨    ᠬ⮬,   襤訬      ஢,      ᪮⭮
ᠦ᪨'  ᠬ  -134,  ⠭ﬨ      ண    
祭  뫮  .  ஢    ᮮ⢥⢨  ஢: ᭠砫
᫮檠,    訫  ࠡ  ᪠  㤠⢥  ᯥ.
䨪  ᮮ⢥⢨ 뤠 9  1968 .  -051/1.   
믮    ⮫쪮   ⭮  ᮢ襭 筮 
ࠬ⭮   ᮧ   ᠦ᪮  ᠬ.      ஡
"릨   ᠦ"      樮   ந⢨,  ன  
   ᮧ      1993      ய  "ய᪨    
᭮    ࠭ᯮ" - European Transport Safety Council (ETSC). 
  1996   ᥫ ETSC ⨫ ᯥ樠 , 饭
஡  릨  ᠦ஢    樮 ந⢨. 
    ⮩  墠뢠 ஡   ஬, ࠧ襭
樨 ᠬ  樨 ᠦ஢  饣 ⢨ ᠬ.
  ந⢨  ⠭,    40%    饣  ᫠  
ᠦ஢        뫮  ᯠ, ᫨  뫨 믮
ࠧࠡ⠭  ETSC  ய,  騥  ⥯ 릨. ன
  ᫮    祭  㤭    ⠭  ᯥ樠,    訫
  ᢮  ⮬,  ⥫  묨 㭠த묨
ࠢ       殮 ந⢨,  뫨  
ࠪ⨪.    楫      ࠧ   ᯮ ..,
        "⭠  ᯫ",  襤襩   1987  
⥫⢥  "࠭ᯮ"  -  ᪢,   ன  ⠥,  室
ᥬ୮  ᨫ  ⮪  ଠ樨,  ⮡    ࠧ諥 
㤨   쭥訬 ,   ਢ ⮫쪮  襬.
⠪,    !
